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A ___ is a hand-held agricultural tool with a curved blade typically used for harvesting grain crop or cutting grass for hay.

A bin will help ___ the heap, prevent the organic matter being blown around the garden and accelerate the process of decomposition.

A blade which is used regularly to cut the silica-rich ___ of cereal crops acquires a characteristic sickle-gloss, or wear pattern.

A dairy farm produces milk and a dairy ___ processes it into a variety of dairy products.

A dairy is a facility ___ the extraction and processing of animal milk—mostly from goats or cows, but also from buffalo, sheep, horses or camels —for human consumption.

A further requirement was that the hybrids and ___ should be able to produce viable seeds themselves.

A large part of the arable land on earth is around the largest rivers on earth; for example___.

A major element of arable land loss comes from___.

A number of pre-prepared composts are commercially available, and are more suitable ___seed sowing and potting up.

According to a 2004 article from the BBC, ___ , the world's most populous country, is suffering from an obesity epidemic.[

According to the World Resources Institute, global ___ food production has been increasing substantially for the past several decades.

All the green waste can be added to the compost heap where any minerals and other nutrients they have absorbed during their short growing time will be ___ for the benefit of your garden plants.

Although nowhere near as big as the market for cow's milk cheese, a considerable amount of cheese is made commercially from other milks, especially___.

Always prepare the site thoroughly and ensure roots are well-spread out ___ planting.

An earth base under a heap allows ___ and access to soil organisms.

An open heap of organic matter piled into a corner of the garden will ___ slowly and produce compost eventually.

Arable land is currently ___ lost at the rate of over 200,000 km² (38,610 square miles) per year.

As flowering plants, grasses grow in great concentrations in climates ___ annual rainfall ranges between 500 and 900 mm.

At high times, deforestation can be so extreme that it leads to___, as has occurred in portions of the central highland plateau of Madagascar following extensive slash-and-burn activity.

Bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens can insert their own ___ into cells in order to multiply, which causes disease.

Bateson coined the term 'genetics' to describe the new___ .

Beds and borders can be mulched entirely, ___ care not to smother low growing plants or to pile mulches up against the stems of woody plants.

Bees visit flowers to collect

But ___ cows standing about in the yard and shed waiting to be milked is not good for the cow, as she needs as much time in the paddock grazing as is possible.

By checking your plants often, you’ll ___ problems in the early stages when they are easier to deal with.

Cheese has historically been an important way of "storing" milk over the year, and carrying over its nutritional ___between prosperous years and fallow ones.

Cheese is a food product that, with bread and beer, dates back to prehistory in Middle Eastern and European cultures, and ___ them is subject to innumerable variety and local specificity.

Cheese is another product made ___ milk.

Chemicals developed ___ use in World War II gave rise to synthetic pesticides.

Cold, drying winds in spring can cause browning and desiccation of young ___of Japanese maples.

Composted material can be used for mulching and soil improvement, ___ is rarely successful for propagating new plants.

Composting is simply a biochemical ___ whereby organic matter is decomposed by naturally occurring micro-organisms.

Composting kitchen and garden waste will produce a free, environmentally ___ source of organic matter which can be used throughout the garden.

Confinement at ___ stocking density requires antibiotics and pesticides to mitigate the spread of disease and pestilence exacerbated by these crowded living conditions.

Confinement at high stocking density is one part of a systematic effort to produce the highest output at the lowest ___ by relying on economies of scale, modern machinery, biotechnology, and global trade.

Deforestation continues to the present day primarily in tropical countries ___ commercial over-exploitation of tropical forest.

Detoxification of ___ soil is also being examined using GM organisms.

Double-___ or pollen-free varieties of plants should be avoided, since bees usually ignore these.

During the flowering period the hybrids of such plants had to be protected from all other___, or be easily capable of such protection.

Even if the land is over-farmed and all the nutrients are depleted from the soil, the land renews its fertility ___ new deposits of silt arrive following the next flood.

Famine and hunger are ___ rooted in food insecurity.

Food security is a complex topic, standing at the ___ of many disciplines.

Genetic modification inserts the appropriate ___ for certain characteristics directly into plant cells and cultures new plants from these cells, using a technique known as "tissue culture".

Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except___.

He clearly defined the requirements ___ the plants in his experiments.

He joined a monastery of St Thomas at Brünn, known as 'The Königkloster', where he was given the name '___ Gregor'.

His paper, which was the introduction to modern genetics was the culmination of a number of years work in the ___ of the monastery.

However, continue to check pots in winter, ensuring they do not dry ___ completely.

In 1900 Gregor Mendel's work ___- genetics was presented by William Bateson in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society.

In 1990 the UK’s Meteorological Office created ___ Hadley Centre for Climate Change to focus on long-term climate modelling.

In countries where milk is legally allowed to be processed without pasteurisation a wide range of cheeses can be made using the ___ naturally in the milk.

In geography, arable land (from Latin arare, to plough) is an agricultural term, meaning land that can be used for ___crops.

In modern times, the rivers do not generally ___ as much agricultural land, due to the demands of flood control to support intensive agriculture required of a heavily-populated Earth.

In most other countries, the range of cheeses is smaller and the use of ___ cheese curing is greater.

In temperate latitudes, such as northwest Europe, grasslands ___ by perennial species, whereas in warmer climates annual species form a greater component of the vegetation.

In the U.S., some factory farms ___ also known as Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), concentrated animal feeding operations, or intensive livestock operations

Innovations in agriculture ___ in the late 19th century paralleled developments in mass production in other industries.

It is possible that the production of vaccines ___ be made easier with GM plants.

It is reported that Mendel read Darwin's work on the Origin of___.

It is usual to restrict the twice-daily ___ to a maximum of an hour and a half each time.

Late spring frosts can seriously damage shrubs ___ into growth.

Lay mulches over moist soil, after removing___ , including their roots, when the soil is not frozen.

Leaf ___ turn dry and brown and shoots may be killed.

Low-growing plants, such as annuals and herbaceous plants, are more attractive to bees if the plants are ___ in large clumps or patches, rather than being scattered and mixed up.

Mendel commented "Nature cannot continue to produce new species in this way (that is by self pollination of pure bred stock) there must be something more___ ."

Mendel died in 1884, before he ___ see his work accepted by the scientific community.

Mendel was born in 1822 in Austria ___ Johann Mendel.

Mendel’s work had a broad scope, in that it concerned the changes which were passed on between parents and ___ over many generations.

Milk ___ animals have been domesticated for thousands of years.

Milking machines are used to harvest milk from cows ___ manual milking becomes inefficient or labour intensive.

More than half of the planet's population, numbering approximately 3.3 billion people, live in ___ areas.

Mosses become established in lawns when grass vigour is reduced, under conditions of___.

Most bulbs are acquired and planted when dry, in a___ state.

Most of Mendel's experiments were carried ___ on garden peas (Pisum sativum).

Mulches are loose coverings or sheets of material placed ___the surface of cultivated soil.

Mulches can be applied to ___ soil or to cover the surface of compost in containers.

Mulches help soil ___ retain moisture in summer, prevent weeds from growing and protect the roots of plants in winter.

Northern hemisphere farmers ___ keep cows in barns almost all the year usually manage their herds to give continuous production of milk so that they get paid all year round.

One person could milk more cows this way, as many ___ 20 for a skilled worker.

Plant at three times their depth and ___ bulb width apart.

Plant in autumn ___ the roots can establish in cool conditions before the next summer.

Plants growing in sunny, sheltered places are more likely to be visited by bees than ___ growing in shaded or windswept situations.

Plants will recover but ___ may be slow.

Ploughs are even used under the sea, for the ___ of cables, as well as preparing the earth for side-scan sonar in a process used in oil exploration.

Pollen contains ___and large quantities are needed, especially during the spring when many bee larvae are being raised.

Prolonged summer drought can lead ___ premature leaf drop.

Single trees and specimen shrubs are ___ mulched to the radius of the canopy.

Some of the plants cannot ___ grown in all parts of the British Isles because of unsuitable climatic or soil conditions.

Some of the plants may not always prove attractive to bees and this is particularly true of certain trees and shrubs, which in some years may not produce nectar in sufficient ___ to attract bees.

Some year-round milk farms are penalised financially for over-production at any time in the year by ___ unable to sell their overproduction at current prices.

The Kyoto Protocol, debated by 141 countries, required signatory countries to reduce their carbon dioxide ___ to 1990 levels by 2012, with further reductions thereafter.

The discovery of antibiotics and vaccines facilitated ___ livestock in larger numbers by reducing disease.

The discovery of vitamins and their role in animal nutrition led to vitamin supplements, ___ in the 1920s allowed certain livestock to be raised indoors.

The extent to which nectar is secreted is influenced by factors such as

The identification of nitrogen and phosphorus ___critical factors in plant growth led to the manufacture of synthetic fertilizers, making possible more intensive types of agriculture.

The leaves of even well-established trees and shrubs may turn brown and desiccated from the tips in periods of___.

The milking unit is the portion of a milking machine for removing milk ___ an udder.

The most productive portion of arable land is that from sediments ___ by those rivers and the sea in geological times.

The nutritional quality of food could ___ improved such as vitamin A content in rice.

The ongoing global credit crisis has affected farm credits, ___ a boom in commodity prices.

The root systems of perennial grasses and forbs form complex mats that hold the ___ in place.

The stages of food insecurity range ___ food secure situations to full-scale famine.

There are differences in the ___ factory farming techniques are practiced around the world.

There are various methods of canning and preserving, including

There is a continuing debate ___ the benefits and risks of factory farming.

These plants were also easy to culture, and ___ a short period of growth.

This silt provides excellent fertilizer ___ crops.

To be effective, biodegradable mulches ___ to be between at least 5cm and ideally 7.5cm thick.

Typically it is a farm (dairy farm) or section of a farm ___ is concerned with the production of milk, butter and cheese.

Wait until flowering is finished and then prune, removing old flowered___ .

Water bulbs regularly when in active growth, but you ___ reduce watering once the leaves start to die down and then through the dormant season.

When creating new beds, planting ___ mulch sheets is effective.

When held in a bunch, the sickle action is towards the user (left to right for a right-handed user), but when used free the sickle is usually ___ the opposite way.

When it became necessary to milk larger numbers of cows, the cows ___ be brought to a shed or barn that was set up with bails (stalls) where the cows could be confined while they were milked.

When pruning summer-flowering shrubs, only prune back last year’s flowered stems, so that the young unflowered stems will have time to ___ and flower by the coming summer.

When the flood is over, the waters recede, leaving behind rich___.

Where practical maintain a 5-7.5cm mulch of bark or leaf-___ around all shrubs and younger trees, particularly on lighter, drier soils.

Whole milk is reacted to form curds that can be ___ to form cheese.

Widespread use of antibiotics increases the chance of a pandemic resistant to known measures, which ___ exacerbated by a globally distributed food system.

Worldwide around 852 million people are chronically hungry ___ to extreme poverty, while up to 2 billion people lack food security intermittently due to varying degrees of poverty.

___ Nile continues to flood regularly, overspilling its banks.

___ better quality compost is usually produced more quickly from larger initial volumes of waste.

___ inhabit deep soil, which can reach 6 metres (20 ft) underground in undisturbed grasslands on the richest soils of the world.

___ sure they are suited to the soil and situation in your garden.

___ weeds as soon as they appear.